Persistent inflation and budget deficits may prevent policy makers in the 15 nations that share the euro from moving as aggressively as their U.S. counterparts to cut interest rates and taxes. Meanwhile, Europe's labor laws will make it harder for companies to speed a recovery in profits by reducing payrolls.
``A European downturn will take noticeably longer to run its course than the U.S. one,'' Nobel laureate Edmund Phelps, an economics professor at Columbia University in New York, said in an interview.
Next year ``might be a period of `reverse decoupling,' with the U.S. economy enjoying a sharp recovery and the euro-area economy stagnating,'' says Dario Perkins, senior European economist for ABN Amro Holding NV in London. ``A relatively inflexible economy and `sticky' inflation'' will hold Europe back, he says.
European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet said twice last week that there is ``unusually high uncertainty'' about growth amid signs that Europe's resistance to the U.S. slowdown is finally wearing off.
``Risks are on the downside,'' he told reporters in Tokyo on Feb. 9 after a meeting of central bankers and finance ministers from the Group of Seven industrialized nations. The G- 7 officials said the U.S. economy may slow further, eroding global growth, and forecast no end to financial-market turmoil.
``Europe cannot go unscathed from the U.S.'s credit crisis,'' says Phelps.
Slower Growth
December retail sales in the euro region fell the most since 1995 and service industries grew in January at the slowest pace in more than four years. The European Union's statistics office will report Feb. 14 that the economy expanded 0.4 percent in the fourth quarter, half the pace of the previous three months, according to the median forecast of economists surveyed by Bloomberg News.
``Euro-zone growth is in trouble, and the risk of recession at some stage should not be underplayed,'' says David Brown, chief European economist at Bear Stearns International in London. He says the region will be ``very lucky'' to expand 1.5 percent this year, which would be the weakest since 2003.
Much of what ails Europe has its origins across the Atlantic. Borrowing costs for consumers and companies jumped as BNP Paribas SA and other European banks ran up losses on investments tied to U.S. mortgages. Exporters such as Heidelberg, Germany-based Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG, the world's largest maker of printing machines, blame declines in the dollar and U.S. demand for hurting profits.
Short, Shallow Recession
Economists Jan Hatzius at Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and Richard Berner of Morgan Stanley say the U.S. economy is already in a recession, and they predict that action by policy makers will ensure it is short and shallow.
Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke and his colleagues have cut interest rates five times in less than five months by a total of 2.25 percentage points. Congress last week passed an economic-stimulus package worth about $168 billion.
European policy makers have been slower to administer medicine. The ECB has left its benchmark unchanged at 4 percent for eight months as inflation accelerated to the highest level in 14 years and workers sought more pay in response.
While Trichet last week signaled that he's open to cutting interest rates for the first time in almost five years, he also said he doesn't anticipate inflation will moderate until the second half of the year. Consequently, while investors increased bets on rate cuts last week, they don't expect the ECB to start easing credit before the second quarter.
Delayed Response
Trichet's ``somewhat delayed and gradual policy response'' means the euro-area economy will lag behind the U.S., growing just 1.4 percent this year and 1.6 percent in 2009, compared with 1.9 percent and 3 percent for the U.S., says Janet Henry, chief European economist at HSBC Holdings Plc in London.
Few economists yet anticipate a recession in Europe. Potential housing busts are limited to a few countries, unemployment is at a record low and demand from emerging markets offsets a decline in trade with the U.S.
